Impacts of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on flexibility in chinese boxing athletes / Impactos da facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva na flexibilidade dos atletas de boxe chinês / Impactos de la facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva en la flexibilidad de los atletas de boxeo chino

ABSTRACT Introduction: Flexibility is one of the essential physical qualities of athletes and Chinese boxing. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching is an effective method to improve flexibility. This method is widely used in various sports. Objective: Analyze the practical effects of stretching by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on Chinese boxing athletes. Methods: This work selected 12 male athletes as research subjects. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups. Flexibility in one group of athletes trained with PNF stretching. Another group of athletes underwent regular training. Mathematical statistics were used to process the flexibility data of the two groups. Results: There were significant differences in the maximum linear velocity in the ankle joint and in the maximum linear velocity in the knee joint between the athletes after training with the experimental stretching (P<0.05). Conclusion: This paper concludes that the application of stretching method with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can improve the flexibility of athletes. The research results of this paper provide background for flexibility training in competition and teaching. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A flexibilidade é uma das qualidades físicas essenciais dos atletas e boxe chinês. O alongamento por facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva é um método eficaz para melhorar a flexibilidade. Este método é amplamente utilizado em vários esportes. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos práticos do alongamento pela facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva sobre os atletas de boxe chinês. Métodos: Este trabalho seleciona 12 atletas masculinos como objetos de pesquisa. Os atletas foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Flexibilidade em um grupo de atletas treinados com o alongamento PNF. Outro grupo de atletas foi submetido a treinamento regular. Foram utilizadas estatísticas matemáticas para processar os dados de flexibilidade dos dois grupos. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas na velocidade linear máxima da articulação do tornozelo e na velocidade linear máxima na articulação do joelho entre os atletas após o treinamento com o alongamento experimental (P<0,05). Conclusão: Este artigo conclui que a aplicação do método de alongamento com facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva pode melhorar a flexibilidade dos atletas. Os resultados da pesquisa deste trabalho fornecem embasamento para o treinamento de flexibilidade em competições e ensino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La flexibilidad es una de las cualidades físicas esenciales de los atletas y del boxeo chino. Los estiramientos de facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva son un método eficaz para mejorar la flexibilidad. Este método se utiliza ampliamente en varios deportes. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos prácticos de los estiramientos mediante facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva en atletas de boxeo chino. Métodos: En este trabajo se seleccionaron 12 atletas masculinos como sujetos de investigación. Los atletas fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Flexibilidad en un grupo de atletas entrenados con estiramientos PNF. Otro grupo de atletas fue sometido a un entrenamiento regular. Se utilizaron estadísticas matemáticas para procesar los datos de flexibilidad de los dos grupos. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en la velocidad lineal máxima de la articulación del tobillo y en la velocidad lineal máxima en la articulación de la rodilla entre los atletas después del entrenamiento con el estiramiento experimental (P<0,05). Conclusión: Este trabajo concluye que la aplicación del método de estiramiento con facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva puede mejorar la flexibilidad de los atletas. Los resultados de la investigación de este trabajo proporcionan una base para el entrenamiento de la flexibilidad en las competiciones y la enseñanza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Simplified instructional phrasing in dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation - when 'less is more'

INTRODUCTION@#In our national emergency dispatch centre, the standard protocol for dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DACPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) involves the instruction 'push 100 times a minute 5 cm deep'. As part of quality improvement, the instruction was simplified to 'push hard and fast'.@*METHODS@#We analysed all dispatcher-diagnosed OHCAs over four months in 2018: January to February ('push 100 times a minute 5 cm deep') and August to September ('push hard and fast'). We also performed secondary per-protocol analysis based on the protocol used: (a) standard (n = 48); (b) simplified (n = 227); and (c) own words (n = 231).@*RESULTS@#A total of 506 cases were included: 282 in the 'before' group and 224 in the 'after' group. Adherence to the protocol was 15.2% in the 'before' phase and 72.8% in the 'after' phase (p < 0.001). The mean time between instruction and first compression for the 'before' and 'after' groups was 34.36 seconds and 26.83 seconds, respectively (p < 0.001). Time to first compression was 238.62 seconds and 218.83 seconds in the 'before' and 'after' groups, respectively (p = 0.016). In the per-protocol analysis, the interval between instruction and compression was 37.19 seconds, 28.31 seconds and 32.40 seconds in the standard protocol, simplified protocol and 'own words' groups, respectively (p = 0.005). The need for paraphrasing was 60.4% in the standard protocol group and 81.5% in the simplified group (p < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Simplified instructions were associated with a shorter interval between instruction and first compression. Efforts should be directed at simplifying DACPR instructions.

Analysis of macrophage marker genes and their functions in triple negative breast cancer based on single cell sequencing / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveAs the search for effective tumor markers has been the focus of current research, this paper aims to identify the macrophage marker genes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissue by single cell sequencing, and to analyze its biological processes and the key genes involved.MethodsFirstly, the GEO database was used to download the data set GSE118389 to obtain the required single cell data, and the dimension reduction of PCA and T-SNE was used to obtain 15 subsets of cells, and the marker genes of different subsets of cells were obtained. Then, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the macrophage marker genes to analyze the biological processes in which these genes may be involved. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to find key genes in each network, and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the prognosis of key genes, and the tumor immune assessment (TIMER) database was used to analyze the correlation between the expression level of key genes and the infiltration state of macrophages in TNBC cancer tissues.ResultsA total of 244 macrophage marker genes were obtained, mainly in the processes of neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation, amide binding, peptide binding and cell adhesion molecule binding, and four key genes CSF-1R, HLA-DQA1, OLR1 and LAPTM5 were further obtained. The overall survival rate of TNBC patients with high expression of CSF-1R, HLA-DQA1 and OLR1 was higher than those with low expression. Moreover, the expression levels of CSF-1R, LAPTM5 and OLR1 were positively correlated with the immune infiltration of macrophages.ConclusionMarkers may be an important target for conquering tumors in the future. In addition, CSF-1R, HLA-DQA1 and OLR1 can be used as an effective biomarker to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients and provide ideas for targeted therapy and immunotherapy for them.

Preliminary study on the psychological status of male patients with infertility / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mental status of the infertile men and explore the risk factors for the mental disorders.METHODS: Men with perceived male infertility were divided into two groups(mild or severe)according to their severity of semen quality from Aug. 2015 to Feb. 2016 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.Their mental health was assessed with the symptom check list(SCL-90).Multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of the mental disorders.RESULTS: The SCL-90 total score,somatization factor score,depression factor score,anxiety factor score and psychoticism factor score of the poor semen quality group were significantly higher than those of the group with better semen quality(P<0.05).RESULTS: of the Logistic regression analysis showed that the general risk factors for mental disorders in infertile men were irregular daily life,irregular meals,lack of regular exercise,recent experience of significant adverse events and poor semen quality.Among them,poor semen quality was the risk factor for the anxiety factor,while the risk factors for depression were irregular daily life,lack of regular exercise and recent experience of significant adverse events.CONCLUSION: Men with perceived male infertility tend to have more severe psychological disorders when their semen quality is poor.Men who do not have regular daily life,meals or exercise,or who have recently experienced significant adverse events or who have poorer semen quality are more prone to mental disorders.

Treatment of secondary intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis with electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy combined with laparoscope and choledochoscope / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy combined with laparoscope and choledochoscope in treatment of intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis treated by laparoscope and choledochoscope(control group) in hepatobiliary surgery department of affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical university from May 2012 to December 2015,and patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis treated by electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy combined with laparoscope and choledochoscope (combined group) from January 2016 to February 2017,were retrospectively analyzed.The rate of transferring to laparotomy (transfer to laparotomy due to inflammatory adhesion or difficulty to remove),residual rate of choledocholithiasis,incidence of bile leakage and incidence of common bile duct stricture between two groups were compared.Results All patients in both groups were recovered.In the control group,there were 6 cases(6/42) transferred to laparotomy,among which 2 cases were transferred to laparotomy due to severe abdominal inflammatory adhesion and 4 cases were due to the difficulty to remove the calculus,without bile leakage or common bile duct stricture.There were 3 cases with residual choledocholithiasis,but without bile leakage or common bile duct stricture.In the combined group,there were 2 cases(2/42) transferred to laparotomy due to severe abdominal inflammatory adhesion and 5 cases used the technique of electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy without post-operation residual choledocholithiasis,bile leakage or bile duct stricture.In the control group,the residual choledocholithiasis was removed with T tube fistula choledochoscope.Conclusion In the process of minimally invasive surgery to treat intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis,electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy under laparoscope and choledochoscope can decrease the incidence of transferring to laparotomy due to the difficulty to remove calculus and the residual rate of calculus.It can be applied safely and efficiently to patients with intra-and extrahepatic cholangiolithiasis but with laparoscopic surgery indications.

Clinical presentation and treatment strategies for ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study of 247 inpatients / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Complementary and alternative medicine, particularly herbal therapy, is widely used by patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but controlled data are limited. To describe the clinical presentation and treatment strategies for UC in inpatients from Shanghai, China and to improve the therapeutic outcomes for patients with UC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records from 247 patients with UC who were admitted to Longhua Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2008 and June 2013 were analyzed for gender, age, course of the disease, clinical type, extent and severity of the disease, treatment strategies, and therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gender ratios and disease onset of inpatients with UC in the Shanghai area were consistent with other reports in the literature. In contrast to previous studies, most patients exhibited disease of the left colon, over half of the patients had problems of the rectum or sigmoid colon, and most patients had either mild or moderate UC. Comparison of Sutherland Disease Actirity Index scores for patients treated with Chinese medicine (CM) and those treated with integrated CM and Western medicine revealed signifificant reductions in scores for both groups after treatment (P<0.01), with no signifificant difference in therapeutic effects between groups (P=0.938).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Herbal medicine has been widely used in patients with mild to moderate disease and as adjunct therapy in patients with moderate to severe disease. Therefore, the strategy was proposed for the treatment of UC with CM therapy based on 2 steps according to the stage of the disease, even in the clinical setting.</p>

Impact of perceived male infertility factors on penile erectile function / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impact of the factors of perceived male infertility on men's penile erectile function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), we investigated the penile erectile function among 245 infertile men (infertility group) and another 52 males having physical checkup for planned conception (checkup group), the former further divided into four subgroups according to the factors of infertility: male factor, female factor, bilateral factor, and unknown factor. We compared the total and item scores of IIEF-5 among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mild or mild-moderate ED was found in 50.61% of the infertile men, with a total IIEF-5 score of 21.24 +/- 2.58. The total and item scores of IIEF-5 were markedly higher in the male factor than in the female factor subgroup (P < 0.01), but with no significant difference between the male factor subgroup and the bilateral and unknown factor subgroups (P > 0.05), except the score on confidence. The scores were significantly lower in the bilateral and unknown factor subgroups than in the female factor subgroup (P < 0.05), with no remarkable difference between the former two. In the infertility group, the total and item scores of IIEF-5 were markedly higher in those with education above high school than in those with high school or lower education (P < 0.01), but not correlated with age and infertility duration. After adjustment for education background, the total IIEF-5 score and the scores on confidence and satisfaction were significantly lower in the infertility than in the checkup group (P < 0.05), and 15.38% of the men in the latter group had mild ED, dramatically lower than in the former (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Perceived infertility may cause ED in males, and a higher incidence rate is associated with lower education background of the men.</p>

Biosynthesis of chitooligosaccharides by recombinant Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Acetyl-N-glucosaminyltransferase gene (nodC) was successfully cloned to Escherichia coli from Mesorhizobium loti. The recombinant E. coli harboring nodC gene was able to synthesize chitooligosaccharides (COs) in MMYNG medium. In optimized condition, a yield of 526 mg/L was obtained after 26 h cultivation in 10 L bioreactor. COs concentration reached up to 4.5% of the cell dry weight. The COs products were purified by charcoal adsorption and Bio-gel P4 chromatography, penta-N-acetylchitopentaose (m/z, 1034[M + H]+) and tetra-N-acetylchitopentaose (m/z, 831 [M + H]+) were identified as the dominating COs product using the method of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).